英语翻译6.Uptake of Hydrocarbons by BiosurfactantsBiosurfactants are heterogeneous group of surface active chemical compounds produced by a wide variety of microorganisms [57,58,60,81–83].Surfactants enhance solubilization and removal of contam

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英语翻译6.Uptake of Hydrocarbons by BiosurfactantsBiosurfactants are heterogeneous group of surface active chemical compounds produced by a wide variety of microorganisms [57,58,60,81–83].Surfactants enhance solubilization and removal of contam

英语翻译6.Uptake of Hydrocarbons by BiosurfactantsBiosurfactants are heterogeneous group of surface active chemical compounds produced by a wide variety of microorganisms [57,58,60,81–83].Surfactants enhance solubilization and removal of contam
英语翻译
6.Uptake of Hydrocarbons by Biosurfactants
Biosurfactants are heterogeneous group of surface active chemical compounds produced by a wide variety of microorganisms [57,58,60,81–83].Surfactants enhance solubilization and removal of contaminants [84,85].Biodegradation is also enhanced by surfactants due to increased bioavailability of pollutants [86].Bioremediation of oil sludge using biosurfactants has been reported by Cameotra and Singh [87].Microbial consortium consisting of two isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and one isolate Rhodococcus erythropolis from soil contaminated with oily sludge was used in this study.The consortium was able to degrade 90% of hydrocarbons in 6 weeks in liquid culture.The ability of the consortium to degrade sludge hydrocarbons was tested in two separate field trials.In addition,the effect of two additives (a nutrient mixture and a crude biosurfactant preparation on the efficiency of the process was also assessed.The biosurfactant used was produced by a consortium member and was identified as being a mixture of 11 rhamnolipid congeners.The consortium degraded 91% of the hydrocarbon content of soil contaminated with 1% (v/v) crude oil sludge in 5 weeks.Separate use of any one additive along with the consortium brought about a 91–95% depletion of the hydrocarbon content in 4 weeks,with the crude biosurfactant preparation being a more effective enhancer of degradation.However,more than 98% hydrocarbon depletion was obtained when both additives were added together with the consortium.The data substantiated the use of a crude biosurfactant for hydrocarbon remediation.
Pseudomonads are the best known bacteria capable of utilizing hydrocarbons as carbon and energy sources and producing biosurfactants [37,87–89].Among Pseudomonads,P.aeruginosa is widely studied for the production of glycolipid type biosurfactants.However,glycolipid type biosurfactants are also reported from some other species like P.putida and P.chlororaphis.Biosurfactants increase the oil surface area and that amount of oil is actually available for bacteria to utilize it [90].Table 2 summarizes the recent reports on biosurfactant production by different microorganisms.Biosurfactants can act as emulsifying agents by decreasing the surface tension and forming micelles.The microdroplets encapsulated in the hydrophobic microbial cell surface are taken inside and degraded.Figure 4 demonstrates the involvement of biosurfactant (rhamnolipids) produced by Pseudomonas sp.and the mechanism of formation of micelles in the uptake of hydrocarbons [75].
Table 2:Biosurfactants produced by microorganisms.Figure 4:Involvement of biosurfactant (rhamnolipid) produced by Pseudomonas sp in the uptake of hydrocarbons.

英语翻译6.Uptake of Hydrocarbons by BiosurfactantsBiosurfactants are heterogeneous group of surface active chemical compounds produced by a wide variety of microorganisms [57,58,60,81–83].Surfactants enhance solubilization and removal of contam
6.吸收碳氢化合物的表面活性剂
表面活性剂是异质组表面活性化合物产生的各种各样的微生物[ 57,58,60,81–83 ].表面活性剂提高溶解和去除污染物[ 84,85 ].生物降解也增强了表面活性剂的生物利用度增加,污染物[ 86].生物修复石油污泥使用表面活性剂已报告的cameotra和辛格[ 87].微生物财团组成的2株铜绿假单胞菌和一个孤立的红平红球菌从土壤污染的含油污泥为研究.该财团能够降低90%的碳氢化合物在6周的培养液中.能力的财团降解污泥碳氢化合物进行了测试在不同的现场试验.此外,影响的添加剂（营养混合物和原油的生物表面活性剂的制备过程的效率进行评估.生物表面活性剂使用的是由一个财团的成员,被确定为11个混合鼠李糖脂同源.该财团降解91%的烃含量污染土壤与1%（体积比）原油污泥5周.单独使用任何一种添加剂随着联盟带来了91–95%枯竭的烃含量在4周,与原油生物表面活性剂的制备是一个更有效的增强的降解.然而,98%以上烃类耗尽时获得两种添加剂和财团.这些数据证实了利用原油生物表面活性剂的油补救.
假单胞菌是最有名的细菌能够利用碳氢化合物作为碳源和能源生产生物表面活性剂[ 37,87]–89.在假单胞菌,铜绿假单胞菌广泛研究生产糖脂类生物表面活性剂.然而,糖脂类生物表面活性剂也报告了一些其他物种一样的恶臭假单胞菌和绿脓chlororaphis.生物表面活性剂提高石油的表面面积和油量实际上可用于细菌利用[ 90].表2总结了最近的报告对生物表面活性剂生产不同的微生物.生物表面活性剂可作为乳化剂,通过降低表面张力和形成胶束.液滴封装在疏水性微生物细胞表面是内部和退化.图4显示了参与（鼠李糖脂生物表面活性剂）的假单胞菌.和机制的形成胶束的吸收碳氢化合物[ 75].
表2表面活性剂是由微生物产生的.图4：参与生物表面活性剂（鼠李糖脂）由假单胞菌在吸收碳氢化合物.

6。通过面活性剂吸收烃类　　
面活性剂是由各种各样的微生物产生的表面活性化合物的异质群体。表面活性剂提高溶解度以及去污功能.

6. Uptake of Hydrocarbons by Biosurfactants
Biosurfactants are heterogeneous group of surface active chemical compounds produced by a wide variety of microorganisms [57, 58, 60, 81–83]. Surfactant...

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6. Uptake of Hydrocarbons by Biosurfactants
Biosurfactants are heterogeneous group of surface active chemical compounds produced by a wide variety of microorganisms [57, 58, 60, 81–83]. Surfactants enhance solubilization and removal of contaminants [84, 85]. Biodegradation is also enhanced by surfactants due to increased bioavailability of pollutants [86]. Bioremediation of oil sludge using biosurfactants has been reported by Cameotra and Singh [87]. Microbial consortium consisting of two isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and one isolate Rhodococcus erythropolis from soil contaminated with oily sludge was used in this study. The consortium was able to degrade 90% of hydrocarbons in 6 weeks in liquid culture. The ability of the consortium to degrade sludge hydrocarbons was tested in two separate field trials. In addition, the effect of two additives (a nutrient mixture and a crude biosurfactant preparation on the efficiency of the process was also assessed. The biosurfactant used was produced by a consortium member and was identified as being a mixture of 11 rhamnolipid congeners. The consortium degraded 91% of the hydrocarbon content of soil contaminated with 1% (v/v) crude oil sludge in 5 weeks. Separate use of any one additive along with the consortium brought about a 91–95% depletion of the hydrocarbon content in 4 weeks, with the crude biosurfactant preparation being a more effective enhancer of degradation. However, more than 98% hydrocarbon depletion was obtained when both additives were added together with the consortium. The data substantiated the use of a crude biosurfactant for hydrocarbon remediation.
Pseudomonads are the best known bacteria capable of utilizing hydrocarbons as carbon and energy sources and producing biosurfactants [37, 87–89]. Among Pseudomonads, P. aeruginosa is widely studied for the production of glycolipid type biosurfactants. However, glycolipid type biosurfactants are also reported from some other species like P. putida and P. chlororaphis. Biosurfactants increase the oil surface area and that amount of oil is actually available for bacteria to utilize it [90]. Table 2 summarizes the recent reports on biosurfactant production by different microorganisms. Biosurfactants can act as emulsifying agents by decreasing the surface tension and forming micelles. The microdroplets encapsulated in the hydrophobic microbial cell surface are taken inside and degraded. Figure 4 demonstrates the involvement of biosurfactant (rhamnolipids) produced by Pseudomonas sp. and the mechanism of formation of micelles in the uptake of hydrocarbons [75].
Table 2: Biosurfactants produced by microorganisms. Figure 4: Involvement of biosurfactant (rhamnolipid) produced by Pseudomonas sp in the uptake of hydrocarbons.
解吸异构组表面活性剂是化合物由各种各样的微生物[57,58,60岁,81 - 83]。表面活性剂,提高solubilization去除污染物[84条,85条]。生物降解是由表面活性剂提高由于污染物的生物利用度增加[86]。油泥的生物利用已有报道的解吸和辛格Cameotra[87]。微生物联合体由两个分离的一个孤立Rhodococcus铜绿假单胞菌及erythropolis污染土壤含油污泥是应用于该研究中。财团能够降低90%的碳氢化合物在6周在液体培养基。该财团的能力,有效地降低污泥碳氢化合物进行测试,在两个独立的田间试验。此外,对二添加剂(营养混合物和一个简陋的生物表面活性剂在制备过程的效率也被评估。使用的生物表面活性剂是由一个联合体成员和被确认为是一个混合的11 rhamnolipid种类。财团退化91%的烃含量与污染土壤1%(v / v)原油污泥在5周。单独使用任何一种添加剂随着联盟带来了91 - 95%损耗的4周烃含量,与生物表面活性剂制备原油是一个更有效的恢复退化。然而,超过98%是油气损耗时取得两个添加剂是加在一起的联盟。数据证实使用一个粗糙的生物表面活性剂为油气修复。
Pseudomonads是最著名的细菌能利用碳氢化合物为能源和碳源解吸和生产[37(87 - 89)。在Pseudomonads版,广泛研究绿脓杆菌生产glycolipid解吸型。然而,glycolipid类型也报道解吸从其他物种,如p putida chlororaphis页。增加表面积解吸和油的油量可供细菌实际上是使用[90]。表2总结了目前生物表面活性剂生产报告由不同的微生物。可以作为乳化剂解吸通过降低表面张力,形成胶束。microdroplets封装在疏水性的微生物细胞表面被内部和降解的。图4的参与了生物表面活性剂(rhamnolipids产生的机理、假单胞菌胶团形成碳氢化合物的吸收[75]。
表2:微生物解吸产生。图4:参与生物表面活性剂的假单胞菌(rhamnolipid产生的sp的吸收碳氢化合物。

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英语翻译6.Uptake of Hydrocarbons by BiosurfactantsBiosurfactants are heterogeneous group of surface active chemical compounds produced by a wide variety of microorganisms [57,58,60,81–83].Surfactants enhance solubilization and removal of contam 英语翻译1,Anthracycline–Formaldehyde Conjugates and Their Targeted Prodrugs2,Formaldehyde Inaetivation of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus.Conditions for the Preparation of Safe Vaeeine 3.REACTION OF CARBAZOLE WITH FORMALDEHYDE.REACTIONS OF N- HYDR 英语翻译In addition,we found CRE1-repression of nitrogenous substances uptake,components of chromatin remodeling and the transcriptional mediator complex,as well as developmental processes. 英语翻译Many drugs modify processes that occur in the synapse.Cocaine,for example,blocks neuronal uptake carriers,prolonging the action of neurotransmitters. 英语翻译N-specific NH4+ uptake rates中的N-specific是什么意思? 英语翻译The wastage occurring through storage,conveyance anddistribution ultimately results in delivery of 30–35% of storedwater for plant uptake (Patil,1988; Anbumozhi et al.,2001).The traditional flood or ridge and furrow method of irrigating 英语翻译Sustainable management and use of natural resources at the global level will require the progressive uptake of a recognised system of accounting for the resources consumed by each country,both within its territory and abroad via imports. Carbon uptake 英语翻译VDAC2 and aldolase A identified as membrane proteins of K562cells with increased expression under iron deprivationAbstract：We have shown previously that iron deprivationsignificantly stimulates the uptake of non-transferrinferric iron f 英语翻译1、In coronary vessels,intense tracer uptake in the adjacent myocardium combined with limited spatial resolution of PET limits plaque imaging with 18F-FDG PET.2、thickness of the fibrous cap being,100 mm,makes their characterization cha 英语翻译119.0 g of cyclopentyl bromide and 19.4 g of magnesium are reacted in ether or THF to give a cyclopentyl Grignard reagent.The best yields are obtained if the ether solvent is distilled from the Grignard under vacuum and replaced with hydr 英语翻译1.IntroductionWater uptake in epoxy systems is a challenging issue due to the irreversible changes that water operates on the polymer properties.It is believed and there are enough experimental evidences that entrance of water induces:(a) 英语翻译1、A sharp step increase in nitrogen uptake in the relative pressure (P/P0) range of 0.3–0.5 for most of samples represents a typical mesoporous feature.2、The isomorphous substitution of nickel ions into the silica framework is also 英语翻译3.Results and discussion3.1.Water uptake and diffusion coefficientsGravimetric results are presented in Fig.1 were the frac-tional amount of water is plotted against t1/2.In Fig.2,the water content measured by FT-NIR for the different sam 求翻译一句话,英语强的进来!Effect of interactions of different levels of soil moisture and potassium on the dry matter production and potassium uptake by Hordeum vulgate (barley) in different soils 求教mass-market uptake怎么翻译? 生物英语词汇strategy I plant这个是啥意思,看一篇文章的题目是progress inunderstanding the molecular regulation of iton uptake in stategy I plant,前面的我都明白,但最后这个词组是啥意思, 英语翻译The propensity for 1 to bind to DNA and also selectivelyaccumulate within cancer cells in an intact manner promptedus to investigate its uptake and bio-distribution withinindividual A549 human lung carcinoma cells and also itseffect on en