The Statue of Liberty 自由女神 介绍要英文的简介 最好有中文的翻译the little mermaid 简介

The Statue of Liberty 自由女神 介绍要英文的简介 最好有中文的翻译the little mermaid 简介
The Statue of Liberty 自由女神 介绍
要英文的简介 最好有中文的翻译
the little mermaid 简介

The Statue of Liberty 自由女神 介绍要英文的简介 最好有中文的翻译the little mermaid 简介
The Statue of Liberty was first assembled in Paris in 1884, then disassembled and reassembled in the United States at what is now called Liberty Island. Beginning in July 1981, a series of inspections was conducted by the National Park Service and by an International team of engineers and architects. Over a dozen problem areas needing attention were identified:
Rust stains on the exterior copper skin
Severe corrosion of some small areas of the copper skin
Deterioration of the torch
Degradation in the crown area and spikes
Structural concerns in the shoulder of the torch arm
Corrosion of the iron armature
Paint peeling on the interior copper skin and support structure
The problem that most necessitated the restoration of the Statue of Liberty was galvanic corrosion of the iron armature in contact with the copper skin. Galvanic corrosion occurs when dissimilar metals are in electrical contact in the same electrolyte. The difference in electrochemical potential between the dissimilar metals (iron and copper) is the driving force for electrolysis, whereby the armature, forming horizontal anodes at an accelerated rate. The iron armature, forming horizontal and vertical ribs against the copper skin, and the attachment mechanism, whereby copper saddles (which are flush riveted to the copper skin) surround the iron armature, provided a configuration conducive to galvanic corrosion.
Since all of the iron armature was interconnected, only one location of physical contact to the copper skin was necessary to provide electrical continuity to the copper throughout the Statue. The designers of the Statue had tried to prevent this galvanic coupling by insulating the two materials with asbestos cloths soaked in shellac. This was only a temporary barrier that became porous with age and provided electrolytic continuity by wicking and capillary action. (reference)
In 1903 the last words in the sonnet "The New Colossus" by poet Emma Lazarus (1883) was inscribed at the main entrance to the pedestal:
Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame With conquering limbs astride from land to land; Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name Mother of Exiles. From her beacon-hand Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame, "Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries she With silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore, Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"

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自由女神像在 1884 年首先在巴黎被装配,然后在现在被称为自由岛的东西在美国解开而且重新召集。 在 1981 年七月开始,一系列的检验被国家公园服务和一个工程师和建筑师的国际队引导了。 遍及十二个问题区域需要注意被识别:
在外部的铜皮肤上的锈污染
一些铜的小区域的严格腐蚀剥皮
火把的恶化
王冠区域和长钉的降格
火把的肩结构的关心武装
铁甲胄的腐蚀...

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自由女神像在 1884 年首先在巴黎被装配,然后在现在被称为自由岛的东西在美国解开而且重新召集。 在 1981 年七月开始,一系列的检验被国家公园服务和一个工程师和建筑师的国际队引导了。 遍及十二个问题区域需要注意被识别:
在外部的铜皮肤上的锈污染
一些铜的小区域的严格腐蚀剥皮
火把的恶化
王冠区域和长钉的降格
火把的肩结构的关心武装
铁甲胄的腐蚀
油漆在内部的铜上皮皮肤和支持结构
使自由女神像的恢复成为必要的大部分是与铜皮肤的接触铁甲胄的流电腐蚀的问题。 当不同的金属是在相同的电解物的电连络中的时候，流电的腐蚀发生。 在不同的金属 (铁和铜) 之间的电气化学的潜能不同是电分解的驱动力, 那里甲胄,以加速的比率形成水平的阳极。铁甲胄，对抗铜皮肤的水平和垂直的肋骨 , 和附着机制的形成, 铜装上马鞍 ( 是丰足的用铆钉固定到铜皮肤) 包围铁甲胄,提供一个结构有益于给流电的腐蚀。
既然所有的铁甲胄都被互相连接，铜皮肤的实际连络的只有一个位置是必需在像各处提供电的连续性给铜。 像的设计者已经尝试藉由用石绵布料使二材料绝缘避免这个流电联结在虫漆中浸湿。 这只是一个由于年龄变成多孔，而且提供了灯心的材料和毛细管引力作用的电解连续性的暂时障碍。 (叁考)
在 1903 年诗人艾玛 Lazarus(1883) 的 " 新的巨像 " 在通往基架的主要入口被登记的十四行诗的最后一个字:
不用从土地到土地跨着征服四肢喜欢希腊名望的黄铜制巨人; 这里在我们的海洋洗的,日落门将用火把站一个有势力的女人,, 火焰是被闪电下狱的 , 和她的放逐名字母亲。 从她的烟火-手发红光遍及全球的欢迎; 她的温和眼睛命令空中桥梁港，双胞胎城市构成,"保存,远古的土地,你的传说上有名的壮丽"! 由于沈默的唇她哭。" 给我你的疲累, 你的贫穷,热望自由地呼吸的你推挤块,可怜者你的群集海岸拒绝,送这些，无家者, 受暴风雨戏弄的对我，我举起在金的门旁边的我灯"!

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